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Smallpox

MedGen UID:
20785
•Concept ID:
C0037354
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: Variola
SNOMED CT: Smallpox (67924001); Variola (67924001); Ordinary smallpox (47452006); Classical smallpox (47452006)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0004651

Definition

A condition that is caused by infection with Variola, and that is characterized by small, raised bumps. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVSmallpox

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Myocarditis: A Review.
Ammirati E, Moslehi JJ
JAMA 2023 Apr 4;329(13):1098-1113. doi: 10.1001/jama.2023.3371. PMID: 37014337
Monkeypox: epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment and prevention.
Huang Y, Mu L, Wang W
Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022 Nov 2;7(1):373. doi: 10.1038/s41392-022-01215-4. PMID: 36319633Free PMC Article
Vaccinations in Primary Care.
Shukla VV, Shah RC
Indian J Pediatr 2018 Dec;85(12):1118-1127. Epub 2018 Jan 6 doi: 10.1007/s12098-017-2555-2. PMID: 29306993

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Poxviridae Pneumonia.
Nucera F, Bonina L, Cipolla A, Pirina P, Hansbro PM, Adcock IM, Caramori G
Adv Exp Med Biol 2024;1451:183-204. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-57165-7_12. PMID: 38801579
Mpox: Rapid Evidence Review.
Saguil A, Krebs L, Choe U
Am Fam Physician 2023 Jul;108(1):78-83. PMID: 37440743
Monkeypox: A Review.
Singhal T, Kabra SK, Lodha R
Indian J Pediatr 2022 Oct;89(10):955-960. Epub 2022 Aug 10 doi: 10.1007/s12098-022-04348-0. PMID: 35947269Free PMC Article
Monkeypox: A New Threat?
Kmiec D, Kirchhoff F
Int J Mol Sci 2022 Jul 17;23(14) doi: 10.3390/ijms23147866. PMID: 35887214Free PMC Article
Smallpox in the Post-Eradication Era.
Meyer H, Ehmann R, Smith GL
Viruses 2020 Jan 24;12(2) doi: 10.3390/v12020138. PMID: 31991671Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Monkeypox Virus Infections in Humans.
Elsayed S, Bondy L, Hanage WP
Clin Microbiol Rev 2022 Dec 21;35(4):e0009222. Epub 2022 Nov 14 doi: 10.1128/cmr.00092-22. PMID: 36374082Free PMC Article
Monkeypox: A Review.
Singhal T, Kabra SK, Lodha R
Indian J Pediatr 2022 Oct;89(10):955-960. Epub 2022 Aug 10 doi: 10.1007/s12098-022-04348-0. PMID: 35947269Free PMC Article
Smallpox in the Post-Eradication Era.
Meyer H, Ehmann R, Smith GL
Viruses 2020 Jan 24;12(2) doi: 10.3390/v12020138. PMID: 31991671Free PMC Article
Human Monkeypox: Epidemiologic and Clinical Characteristics, Diagnosis, and Prevention.
Petersen E, Kantele A, Koopmans M, Asogun D, Yinka-Ogunleye A, Ihekweazu C, Zumla A
Infect Dis Clin North Am 2019 Dec;33(4):1027-1043. Epub 2019 Apr 11 doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2019.03.001. PMID: 30981594Free PMC Article
Human monkeypox.
McCollum AM, Damon IK
Clin Infect Dis 2014 Jan;58(2):260-7. Epub 2013 Oct 24 doi: 10.1093/cid/cit703. PMID: 24158414

Therapy

Clinical therapeutic trials.
Buchanan WW, Kean CA, Rainsford KD, Kean WF
Inflammopharmacology 2024 Feb;32(1):61-71. Epub 2023 Aug 3 doi: 10.1007/s10787-023-01303-z. PMID: 37535211
Comprehensive literature review of monkeypox.
Hatmal MM, Al-Hatamleh MAI, Olaimat AN, Ahmad S, Hasan H, Ahmad Suhaimi NA, Albakri KA, Abedalbaset Alzyoud A, Kadir R, Mohamud R
Emerg Microbes Infect 2022 Dec;11(1):2600-2631. doi: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2132882. PMID: 36263798Free PMC Article
Live attenuated vaccines: Historical successes and current challenges.
Minor PD
Virology 2015 May;479-480:379-92. Epub 2015 Apr 8 doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.03.032. PMID: 25864107
Vaccines for the 21st century.
Delany I, Rappuoli R, De Gregorio E
EMBO Mol Med 2014 Jun;6(6):708-20. Epub 2014 Apr 6 doi: 10.1002/emmm.201403876. PMID: 24803000Free PMC Article
Smallpox.
Moore ZS, Seward JF, Lane JM
Lancet 2006 Feb 4;367(9508):425-35. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68143-9. PMID: 16458769

Prognosis

Poxviridae Pneumonia.
Nucera F, Bonina L, Cipolla A, Pirina P, Hansbro PM, Adcock IM, Caramori G
Adv Exp Med Biol 2024;1451:183-204. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-57165-7_12. PMID: 38801579
Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Myocarditis: A Review.
Ammirati E, Moslehi JJ
JAMA 2023 Apr 4;329(13):1098-1113. doi: 10.1001/jama.2023.3371. PMID: 37014337
Cholera.
Lippi D, Gotuzzo E, Caini S
Microbiol Spectr 2016 Aug;4(4) doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.PoH-0012-2015. PMID: 27726771
The plague of Athens: epidemiology and paleopathology.
Littman RJ
Mt Sinai J Med 2009 Oct;76(5):456-67. doi: 10.1002/msj.20137. PMID: 19787658
Monkeypox virus and insights into its immunomodulatory proteins.
Weaver JR, Isaacs SN
Immunol Rev 2008 Oct;225:96-113. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00691.x. PMID: 18837778Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Complement-dependent mpox-virus-neutralizing antibodies in infected and vaccinated individuals.
Hubert M, Guivel-Benhassine F, Bruel T, Porrot F, Planas D, Vanhomwegen J, Wiedemann A, Burrel S, Marot S, Palich R, Monsel G, Diombera H, Gallien S, Lopez-Zaragoza JL, Vindrios W, Taieb F, Fernandes-Pellerin S, Delhaye M, Laude H, Arowas L, Ungeheuer MN, Hocqueloux L, Pourcher V, Prazuck T, Marcelin AG, Lelièvre JD, Batéjat C, Lévy Y, Manuguerra JC, Schwartz O
Cell Host Microbe 2023 Jun 14;31(6):937-948.e4. Epub 2023 May 5 doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.05.001. PMID: 37196656Free PMC Article
Monkeypox (mpox) virus: Classification, origin, transmission, genome organization, antiviral drugs, and molecular diagnosis.
Karagoz A, Tombuloglu H, Alsaeed M, Tombuloglu G, AlRubaish AA, Mahmoud A, Smajlović S, Ćordić S, Rabaan AA, Alsuhaimi E
J Infect Public Health 2023 Apr;16(4):531-541. Epub 2023 Feb 9 doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.02.003. PMID: 36801633Free PMC Article
History of measles.
Berche P
Presse Med 2022 Sep;51(3):104149. Epub 2022 Nov 20 doi: 10.1016/j.lpm.2022.104149. PMID: 36414136
Clinical presentation and virological assessment of confirmed human monkeypox virus cases in Spain: a prospective observational cohort study.
Tarín-Vicente EJ, Alemany A, Agud-Dios M, Ubals M, Suñer C, Antón A, Arando M, Arroyo-Andrés J, Calderón-Lozano L, Casañ C, Cabrera JM, Coll P, Descalzo V, Folgueira MD, García-Pérez JN, Gil-Cruz E, González-Rodríguez B, Gutiérrez-Collar C, Hernández-Rodríguez Á, López-Roa P, de Los Ángeles Meléndez M, Montero-Menárguez J, Muñoz-Gallego I, Palencia-Pérez SI, Paredes R, Pérez-Rivilla A, Piñana M, Prat N, Ramirez A, Rivero Á, Rubio-Muñiz CA, Vall M, Acosta-Velásquez KS, Wang A, Galván-Casas C, Marks M, Ortiz-Romero PL, Mitjà O
Lancet 2022 Aug 27;400(10353):661-669. Epub 2022 Aug 8 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01436-2. PMID: 35952705Free PMC Article
Monkeypox virus and insights into its immunomodulatory proteins.
Weaver JR, Isaacs SN
Immunol Rev 2008 Oct;225:96-113. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00691.x. PMID: 18837778Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Predicting vaccine effectiveness for mpox.
Berry MT, Khan SR, Schlub TE, Notaras A, Kunasekaran M, Grulich AE, MacIntyre CR, Davenport MP, Khoury DS
Nat Commun 2024 May 8;15(1):3856. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-48180-w. PMID: 38719852Free PMC Article
Paediatric, maternal, and congenital mpox: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Sanchez Clemente N, Coles C, Paixao ES, Brickley EB, Whittaker E, Alfven T, Rulisa S, Agudelo Higuita N, Torpiano P, Agravat P, Thorley EV, Drysdale SB, Le Doare K, Muyembe Tamfum JJ
Lancet Glob Health 2024 Apr;12(4):e572-e588. Epub 2024 Feb 21 doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(23)00607-1. PMID: 38401556
The changing epidemiology of human monkeypox-A potential threat? A systematic review.
Bunge EM, Hoet B, Chen L, Lienert F, Weidenthaler H, Baer LR, Steffen R
PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022 Feb;16(2):e0010141. Epub 2022 Feb 11 doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010141. PMID: 35148313Free PMC Article
A systematic review of the epidemiology of human monkeypox outbreaks and implications for outbreak strategy.
Beer EM, Rao VB
PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019 Oct;13(10):e0007791. Epub 2019 Oct 16 doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007791. PMID: 31618206Free PMC Article
Risks Associated With Smallpox Vaccination in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Badell ML, Meaney-Delman D, Tuuli MG, Rasmussen SA, Petersen BW, Sheffield JS, Beigi RH, Damon IK, Jamieson DJ
Obstet Gynecol 2015 Jun;125(6):1439-1451. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000000857. PMID: 26000516Free PMC Article

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