U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Abnormality of the middle phalanges of the toes

MedGen UID:
869553
•Concept ID:
C4023981
•
Anatomical Abnormality
Synonym: Abnormal middle bones of toe
 
HPO: HP:0010183

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Phenotype and genotype in 103 patients with tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome.
Maas SM, Shaw AC, Bikker H, Lüdecke HJ, van der Tuin K, Badura-Stronka M, Belligni E, Biamino E, Bonati MT, Carvalho DR, Cobben J, de Man SA, Den Hollander NS, Di Donato N, Garavelli L, Grønborg S, Herkert JC, Hoogeboom AJ, Jamsheer A, Latos-Bielenska A, Maat-Kievit A, Magnani C, Marcelis C, Mathijssen IB, Nielsen M, Otten E, Ousager LB, Pilch J, Plomp A, Poke G, Poluha A, Posmyk R, Rieubland C, Silengo M, Simon M, Steichen E, Stumpel C, Szakszon K, Polonkai E, van den Ende J, van der Steen A, van Essen T, van Haeringen A, van Hagen JM, Verheij JB, Mannens MM, Hennekam RC
Eur J Med Genet 2015 May;58(5):279-92. Epub 2015 Mar 16 doi: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2015.03.002. PMID: 25792522
Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of Aarskog syndrome.
Sepulveda W, Dezerega V, Horvath E, Aracena M
J Ultrasound Med 1999 Oct;18(10):707-10. doi: 10.7863/jum.1999.18.10.707. PMID: 10511304

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Morphologic Changes in Postaxial Polydactyly of the Foot: A Standardized Quantitative Analysis Using the Watanabe-Fujita Classification.
Makino A, Saito S
Plast Reconstr Surg 2024 Jan 1;153(1):170e-180e. Epub 2023 Apr 20 doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000010565. PMID: 37075280
Midterm and Long-term Follow-up After Surgical Reconstruction for Lateral Polydactyly of the Foot With Mosaic-like Alignment of the Phalanx Bones.
Iba K, Ozasa Y, Hanaka M, Hayakawa H, Kanaya K, Yamashita T
J Pediatr Orthop 2020 Jan;40(1):e30-e36. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0000000000001381. PMID: 30950938
Hammertoe Correction With K-Wire Fixation Compared With Percutaneous Correction.
Yassin M, Garti A, Heller E, Robinson D
Foot Ankle Spec 2017 Oct;10(5):421-427. Epub 2016 Dec 4 doi: 10.1177/1938640016681069. PMID: 27909213
Polydactyly of the foot. Literature review and case presentations.
Galois L, Mainard D, Delagoutte JP
Acta Orthop Belg 2002 Oct;68(4):376-80. PMID: 12415940
Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of Aarskog syndrome.
Sepulveda W, Dezerega V, Horvath E, Aracena M
J Ultrasound Med 1999 Oct;18(10):707-10. doi: 10.7863/jum.1999.18.10.707. PMID: 10511304

Diagnosis

Hypothesis: Symbrachydactyly.
Holmes LB, Nasri HZ
Am J Med Genet A 2022 Nov;188(11):3236-3241. Epub 2022 Sep 8 doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62941. PMID: 36073773
Hypothesis: Central digit hypoplasia.
Holmes LB, Nasri HZ
Am J Med Genet A 2022 Jun;188(6):1746-1751. Epub 2022 Mar 2 doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62697. PMID: 35234329
Hammertoe Correction With K-Wire Fixation Compared With Percutaneous Correction.
Yassin M, Garti A, Heller E, Robinson D
Foot Ankle Spec 2017 Oct;10(5):421-427. Epub 2016 Dec 4 doi: 10.1177/1938640016681069. PMID: 27909213
Cryptophthalmos--syndactyly syndrome.
Sinha S, Chaudhary SN
J Indian Med Assoc 2006 Aug;104(8):474-5. PMID: 17240806
Yunis Varon syndrome.
Kulkarni ML, Vani HN, Nagendra K, Mahesh TK, Kumar A, Haneef S, Mohammed Z, Kulkarni PM
Indian J Pediatr 2006 Apr;73(4):353-5. doi: 10.1007/BF02825832. PMID: 16816498

Therapy

Midterm and Long-term Follow-up After Surgical Reconstruction for Lateral Polydactyly of the Foot With Mosaic-like Alignment of the Phalanx Bones.
Iba K, Ozasa Y, Hanaka M, Hayakawa H, Kanaya K, Yamashita T
J Pediatr Orthop 2020 Jan;40(1):e30-e36. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0000000000001381. PMID: 30950938
Acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau (ACH): two cases successfully treated with adalimumab.
Di Costanzo L, Napolitano M, Patruno C, Cantelli M, Balato N
J Dermatolog Treat 2014 Dec;25(6):489-94. Epub 2013 Nov 12 doi: 10.3109/09546634.2013.848259. PMID: 24215490
Sarcoidosis presenting as nail dystrophy.
Cohen PD, Lester RS
J Cutan Med Surg 1999 Oct;3(6):302-5. doi: 10.1177/120347549900300605. PMID: 10575159
Diphenylhydantoin teratogenicity in man.
Yang TS, Chi CC, Tsai CJ, Chang MJ
Obstet Gynecol 1978 Dec;52(6):682-4. PMID: 733136

Prognosis

Previously unreported X-ray findings associated with distal toe pain in children.
Taniwaki H, Shintani K, Aono M
J Pediatr Orthop B 2024 Jan 1;33(1):53-57. Epub 2023 Feb 8 doi: 10.1097/BPB.0000000000001064. PMID: 36756944
Hammertoe Correction With K-Wire Fixation Compared With Percutaneous Correction.
Yassin M, Garti A, Heller E, Robinson D
Foot Ankle Spec 2017 Oct;10(5):421-427. Epub 2016 Dec 4 doi: 10.1177/1938640016681069. PMID: 27909213
Two novel disease-causing variants in BMPR1B are associated with brachydactyly type A1.
Racacho L, Byrnes AM, MacDonald H, Dranse HJ, Nikkel SM, Allanson J, Rosser E, Underhill TM, Bulman DE
Eur J Hum Genet 2015 Dec;23(12):1640-5. Epub 2015 Mar 11 doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.38. PMID: 25758993Free PMC Article
Polydactyly of the foot. Literature review and case presentations.
Galois L, Mainard D, Delagoutte JP
Acta Orthop Belg 2002 Oct;68(4):376-80. PMID: 12415940
Symphalangism (two phalanges) in the digits of the Japanese foot.
Nakashima T, Hojo T, Suzuki K, Ijichi M
Ann Anat 1995 May;177(3):275-8. doi: 10.1016/S0940-9602(11)80199-8. PMID: 7598223

Clinical prediction guides

Hammertoe Correction With K-Wire Fixation Compared With Percutaneous Correction.
Yassin M, Garti A, Heller E, Robinson D
Foot Ankle Spec 2017 Oct;10(5):421-427. Epub 2016 Dec 4 doi: 10.1177/1938640016681069. PMID: 27909213
Clinico-radiological Correlation of Bone Changes in Leprosy Patients Presenting with Disabilities/Deformities.
Mohammad W, Malhotra SK, Garg PK
Indian J Lepr 2016 Apr;88(2):83-95. PMID: 29757540
Two novel disease-causing variants in BMPR1B are associated with brachydactyly type A1.
Racacho L, Byrnes AM, MacDonald H, Dranse HJ, Nikkel SM, Allanson J, Rosser E, Underhill TM, Bulman DE
Eur J Hum Genet 2015 Dec;23(12):1640-5. Epub 2015 Mar 11 doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.38. PMID: 25758993Free PMC Article
MODED: microcephaly-oculo-digito-esophageal-duodenal syndrome.
Frydman M, Katz M, Cabot SG, Soen G, Kauschansky A, Sirota L
Am J Med Genet 1997 Aug 22;71(3):251-7. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19970822)71:3<251::aid-ajmg1>3.0.co;2-x. PMID: 9268091
Symphalangism (two phalanges) in the digits of the Japanese foot.
Nakashima T, Hojo T, Suzuki K, Ijichi M
Ann Anat 1995 May;177(3):275-8. doi: 10.1016/S0940-9602(11)80199-8. PMID: 7598223

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Consumer resources

    Reviews

    Related information

    • PMC Articles
      Related information in PubMed Central Links
    • PubMed
      Related literature resources in PubMed

    Recent activity

    Clear Turn Off Turn On

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...