U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Obesity, Metabolically Benign

MedGen UID:
875725
•Concept ID:
C4042861
•
Sign or Symptom
Synonyms: Benign Obesity, Metabolically; Healthy Obesity, Metabolically; Metabolically Benign Obesity; Metabolically Healthy Obesity; Obesity, Metabolically Healthy

Definition

A sub-PHENOTYPE of obese individuals who have a risk for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES between that of healthy individuals with normal weight and unhealthy individuals with obesity. [from MeSH]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVObesity, Metabolically Benign

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Metabolically Healthy Obesity: Criteria, Epidemiology, Controversies, and Consequences.
Tsatsoulis A, Paschou SA
Curr Obes Rep 2020 Jun;9(2):109-120. doi: 10.1007/s13679-020-00375-0. PMID: 32301039
The Prevalence of Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Obesity according to Different Criteria.
Liu C, Wang C, Guan S, Liu H, Wu X, Zhang Z, Gu X, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Tse LA, Fang X
Obes Facts 2019;12(1):78-90. Epub 2019 Feb 27 doi: 10.1159/000495852. PMID: 30814477Free PMC Article
New obesity classification criteria as a tool for bariatric surgery indication.
De Lorenzo A, Soldati L, Sarlo F, Calvani M, Di Lorenzo N, Di Renzo L
World J Gastroenterol 2016 Jan 14;22(2):681-703. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i2.681. PMID: 26811617Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Associations of metabolic heterogeneity of obesity with frailty progression: Results from two prospective cohorts.
He D, Qiu Y, Yan M, Zhou T, Cheng Z, Li J, Wu Q, Liu Z, Zhu Y
J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023 Feb;14(1):632-641. Epub 2022 Dec 27 doi: 10.1002/jcsm.13169. PMID: 36575595Free PMC Article
Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and primary hypertension.
Litwin M, Kułaga Z
Pediatr Nephrol 2021 Apr;36(4):825-837. Epub 2020 May 9 doi: 10.1007/s00467-020-04579-3. PMID: 32388582Free PMC Article
Metabolically Healthy Obesity.
Blüher M
Endocr Rev 2020 May 1;41(3) doi: 10.1210/endrev/bnaa004. PMID: 32128581Free PMC Article
Metabolically healthy versus metabolically unhealthy obesity.
Iacobini C, Pugliese G, Blasetti Fantauzzi C, Federici M, Menini S
Metabolism 2019 Mar;92:51-60. Epub 2018 Nov 17 doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.11.009. PMID: 30458177
New obesity classification criteria as a tool for bariatric surgery indication.
De Lorenzo A, Soldati L, Sarlo F, Calvani M, Di Lorenzo N, Di Renzo L
World J Gastroenterol 2016 Jan 14;22(2):681-703. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i2.681. PMID: 26811617Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Metabolically Healthy Obesity (MHO) vs. Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity (MUO) Phenotypes in PCOS: Association with Endocrine-Metabolic Profile, Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, and Body Composition.
Barrea L, Muscogiuri G, Pugliese G, de Alteriis G, Colao A, Savastano S
Nutrients 2021 Nov 2;13(11) doi: 10.3390/nu13113925. PMID: 34836180Free PMC Article
Metabolically Healthy Obesity: Criteria, Epidemiology, Controversies, and Consequences.
Tsatsoulis A, Paschou SA
Curr Obes Rep 2020 Jun;9(2):109-120. doi: 10.1007/s13679-020-00375-0. PMID: 32301039
Metabolically Healthy Obesity.
Blüher M
Endocr Rev 2020 May 1;41(3) doi: 10.1210/endrev/bnaa004. PMID: 32128581Free PMC Article
An Overview and Update on Obesity and the Obesity Paradox in Cardiovascular Diseases.
Elagizi A, Kachur S, Lavie CJ, Carbone S, Pandey A, Ortega FB, Milani RV
Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2018 Jul-Aug;61(2):142-150. Epub 2018 Jul 5 doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2018.07.003. PMID: 29981771
New obesity classification criteria as a tool for bariatric surgery indication.
De Lorenzo A, Soldati L, Sarlo F, Calvani M, Di Lorenzo N, Di Renzo L
World J Gastroenterol 2016 Jan 14;22(2):681-703. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i2.681. PMID: 26811617Free PMC Article

Therapy

Ceramide d18:1/24:1 as a potential biomarker to differentiate obesity subtypes with unfavorable health outcomes.
Yu B, Hu M, Jiang W, Ma Y, Ye J, Wu Q, Guo W, Sun Y, Zhou M, Xu Y, Wu Z, Wang Y, Lam SM, Shui G, Gu J, Li JZ, Fu Z, Gong Y, Zhou H
Lipids Health Dis 2023 Oct 4;22(1):166. doi: 10.1186/s12944-023-01921-0. PMID: 37794463Free PMC Article
Myocardial Tissue-Level Characteristics of Adults With Metabolically Healthy Obesity.
Zhao H, Huang R, Jiang M, Wang W, Chai Y, Liu Q, Zhang W, Han Y, Yan F, Lu Q, Tao Z, Wu Q, Yue J, Ma J, Pu J
JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2023 Jul;16(7):889-901. Epub 2023 Apr 12 doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2023.01.022. PMID: 37052557
Metabolically healthy obesity: is there a link with polyunsaturated fatty acid intake and status?
Arsic A, Takic M, Kojadinovic M, Petrovic S, Paunovic M, Vucic V, Ristic Medic D
Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021 Jan;99(1):64-71. Epub 2020 Aug 21 doi: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0317. PMID: 32822561
A Novel Subset of CD95(+) Pro-Inflammatory Macrophages Overcome miR155 Deficiency and May Serve as a Switch From Metabolically Healthy Obesity to Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity.
Johnson C, Drummer Iv C, Shan H, Shao Y, Sun Y, Lu Y, Saaoud F, Xu K, Nanayakkara G, Fang P, Bagi Z, Jiang X, Choi ET, Wang H, Yang X
Front Immunol 2020;11:619951. Epub 2021 Jan 7 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.619951. PMID: 33488632Free PMC Article
New obesity classification criteria as a tool for bariatric surgery indication.
De Lorenzo A, Soldati L, Sarlo F, Calvani M, Di Lorenzo N, Di Renzo L
World J Gastroenterol 2016 Jan 14;22(2):681-703. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i2.681. PMID: 26811617Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Metabolically Healthy Obesity: Criteria, Epidemiology, Controversies, and Consequences.
Tsatsoulis A, Paschou SA
Curr Obes Rep 2020 Jun;9(2):109-120. doi: 10.1007/s13679-020-00375-0. PMID: 32301039
Metabolically healthy obesity: facts and fantasies.
Smith GI, Mittendorfer B, Klein S
J Clin Invest 2019 Oct 1;129(10):3978-3989. doi: 10.1172/JCI129186. PMID: 31524630Free PMC Article
Metabolically healthy versus metabolically unhealthy obesity.
Iacobini C, Pugliese G, Blasetti Fantauzzi C, Federici M, Menini S
Metabolism 2019 Mar;92:51-60. Epub 2018 Nov 17 doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.11.009. PMID: 30458177
Obesity and the Obesity Paradox in Heart Failure.
Horwich TB, Fonarow GC, Clark AL
Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2018 Jul-Aug;61(2):151-156. Epub 2018 May 28 doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2018.05.005. PMID: 29852198
New obesity classification criteria as a tool for bariatric surgery indication.
De Lorenzo A, Soldati L, Sarlo F, Calvani M, Di Lorenzo N, Di Renzo L
World J Gastroenterol 2016 Jan 14;22(2):681-703. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i2.681. PMID: 26811617Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Trends in the Prevalence of Metabolically Healthy Obesity Among US Adults, 1999-2018.
Wang JS, Xia PF, Ma MN, Li Y, Geng TT, Zhang YB, Tu ZZ, Jiang L, Zhou LR, Zhang BF, Tong WW, Shan Z, Liu G, Yang K, Pan A
JAMA Netw Open 2023 Mar 1;6(3):e232145. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.2145. PMID: 36892842Free PMC Article
Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and primary hypertension.
Litwin M, Kułaga Z
Pediatr Nephrol 2021 Apr;36(4):825-837. Epub 2020 May 9 doi: 10.1007/s00467-020-04579-3. PMID: 32388582Free PMC Article
Metabolically healthy obesity, transition to unhealthy metabolic status, and vascular disease in Chinese adults: A cohort study.
Gao M, Lv J, Yu C, Guo Y, Bian Z, Yang R, Du H, Yang L, Chen Y, Li Z, Zhang X, Chen J, Qi L, Chen Z, Huang T, Li L; China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) Collaborative Group
PLoS Med 2020 Oct;17(10):e1003351. Epub 2020 Oct 30 doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003351. PMID: 33125374Free PMC Article
Metabolically Healthy Obesity.
Blüher M
Endocr Rev 2020 May 1;41(3) doi: 10.1210/endrev/bnaa004. PMID: 32128581Free PMC Article
New obesity classification criteria as a tool for bariatric surgery indication.
De Lorenzo A, Soldati L, Sarlo F, Calvani M, Di Lorenzo N, Di Renzo L
World J Gastroenterol 2016 Jan 14;22(2):681-703. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i2.681. PMID: 26811617Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Differences in the levels of inflammatory markers between metabolically healthy obese and other obesity phenotypes in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Su Z, Efremov L, Mikolajczyk R
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024 Feb;34(2):251-269. Epub 2023 Sep 9 doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.09.002. PMID: 37968171
A systematic review and quantitative analysis of resting energy expenditure prediction equations in healthy overweight and obese children and adolescents.
Chima L, Mulrooney HM, Warren J, Madden AM
J Hum Nutr Diet 2020 Jun;33(3):373-385. Epub 2020 Feb 19 doi: 10.1111/jhn.12735. PMID: 32073189
Dietary Interventions and Changes in Cardio-Metabolic Parameters in Metabolically Healthy Obese Subjects: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.
Stelmach-Mardas M, Walkowiak J
Nutrients 2016 Jul 28;8(8) doi: 10.3390/nu8080455. PMID: 27483307Free PMC Article
The long-term prognosis of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality for metabolically healthy obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Zheng R, Zhou D, Zhu Y
J Epidemiol Community Health 2016 Oct;70(10):1024-31. Epub 2016 Apr 28 doi: 10.1136/jech-2015-206948. PMID: 27126492
Estimation of energy expenditure using prediction equations in overweight and obese adults: a systematic review.
Madden AM, Mulrooney HM, Shah S
J Hum Nutr Diet 2016 Aug;29(4):458-76. Epub 2016 Feb 29 doi: 10.1111/jhn.12355. PMID: 26923904

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Related information

    • PMC Articles
      Related information in PubMed Central Links
    • PubMed
      Related literature resources in PubMed

    Recent activity

    Clear Turn Off Turn On

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...