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SLC39A8-CDG(CDG2N; CDGIIn)

MedGen UID:
899837
Concept ID:
C4225234
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: CDG IIn; CONGENITAL DISORDER OF GLYCOSYLATION, TYPE IIn; SLC39A8 deficiency
SNOMED CT: Solute carrier family 39 member 8 congenital disorder of glycosylation (1187171005); SLC39A8-CDG - solute carrier family 39 member 8 congenital disorder of glycosylation (1187171005); Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 2n (1187171005); SLC39A8 congenital disorder of glycosylation (1187171005); Congenital disorder of glycosylation type IIn (1187171005); Carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein syndrome type IIn (1187171005)
Modes of inheritance:
Autosomal recessive inheritance
MedGen UID:
141025
Concept ID:
C0441748
Intellectual Product
Source: Orphanet
A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in individuals with two pathogenic alleles, either homozygotes (two copies of the same mutant allele) or compound heterozygotes (whereby each copy of a gene has a distinct mutant allele).
 
Gene (location): SLC39A8 (4q24)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0014746
OMIM®: 616721
Orphanet: ORPHA468699

Definition

Congenital disorder of glycosylation type IIn (CDG2N) is an autosomal recessive severe multisystem developmental disorder characterized by delayed psychomotor development apparent from infancy, hypotonia, and variable additional features, such as short stature, seizures, visual impairment, and cerebellar atrophy. Serum transferrin analysis shows a CDG type II pattern (summary by Boycott et al., 2015 and Park et al., 2015). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of CDG type II, see CDG2A (212066). [from OMIM]

Clinical features

From HPO
Short stature
MedGen UID:
87607
Concept ID:
C0349588
Finding
A height below that which is expected according to age and gender norms. Although there is no universally accepted definition of short stature, many refer to "short stature" as height more than 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender (or below the 3rd percentile for age and gender dependent norms).
Hearing impairment
MedGen UID:
235586
Concept ID:
C1384666
Disease or Syndrome
A decreased magnitude of the sensory perception of sound.
Seizure
MedGen UID:
20693
Concept ID:
C0036572
Sign or Symptom
A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.
Hyperreflexia
MedGen UID:
57738
Concept ID:
C0151889
Finding
Hyperreflexia is the presence of hyperactive stretch reflexes of the muscles.
Cerebral atrophy
MedGen UID:
116012
Concept ID:
C0235946
Disease or Syndrome
Atrophy (wasting, decrease in size of cells or tissue) affecting the cerebrum.
Global developmental delay
MedGen UID:
107838
Concept ID:
C0557874
Finding
A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.
Inability to walk
MedGen UID:
107860
Concept ID:
C0560046
Finding
Incapability to ambulate.
Cerebellar atrophy
MedGen UID:
196624
Concept ID:
C0740279
Disease or Syndrome
Cerebellar atrophy is defined as a cerebellum with initially normal structures, in a posterior fossa with normal size, which displays enlarged fissures (interfolial spaces) in comparison to the foliae secondary to loss of tissue. Cerebellar atrophy implies irreversible loss of tissue and result from an ongoing progressive disease until a final stage is reached or a single injury, e.g. an intoxication or infectious event.
Cerebellar vermis atrophy
MedGen UID:
149271
Concept ID:
C0742028
Disease or Syndrome
Wasting (atrophy) of the vermis of cerebellum.
Intellectual disability, profound
MedGen UID:
892508
Concept ID:
C3161330
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Profound mental retardation is defined as an intelligence quotient (IQ) below 20.
Intellectual disability
MedGen UID:
811461
Concept ID:
C3714756
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, is characterized by subnormal intellectual functioning that occurs during the developmental period. It is defined by an IQ score below 70.
Elevated brain lactate level by MRS
MedGen UID:
868368
Concept ID:
C4022762
Finding
An increase in the level of lactate in the brain identified by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).
Delayed ability to sit
MedGen UID:
1368737
Concept ID:
C4476710
Finding
A failure to achieve the ability to sit at an appropriate developmental stage. Most children sit with support at 6 months of age and sit steadily without support at 9 months of age.
Craniosynostosis syndrome
MedGen UID:
1163
Concept ID:
C0010278
Disease or Syndrome
Craniosynostosis refers to the premature closure of the cranial sutures. Primary craniosynostosis refers to the closure of one or more sutures due to abnormalities in skull development, and secondary craniosynostosis results from failure of brain growth.
Hypotonia
MedGen UID:
10133
Concept ID:
C0026827
Finding
Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist.
Osteopenia
MedGen UID:
18222
Concept ID:
C0029453
Disease or Syndrome
Osteopenia is a term to define bone density that is not normal but also not as low as osteoporosis. By definition from the World Health Organization osteopenia is defined by bone densitometry as a T score -1 to -2.5.
Poor head control
MedGen UID:
322809
Concept ID:
C1836038
Finding
Difficulty to maintain correct position of the head while standing or sitting. Infant head lag is observed when the head seems to flop around or lags posteriorly behind the trunk. Several articles have maintained that head lag should be absent by age 3 to 4 months.
Joint hypermobility
MedGen UID:
336793
Concept ID:
C1844820
Finding
The capability that a joint (or a group of joints) has to move, passively and/or actively, beyond normal limits along physiological axes.
Recurrent infections
MedGen UID:
65998
Concept ID:
C0239998
Finding
Increased susceptibility to infections.
Astigmatism
MedGen UID:
2473
Concept ID:
C0004106
Disease or Syndrome
Astigmatism (from the Greek 'a' meaning absence and 'stigma' meaning point) is a condition in which the parallel rays of light entering the eye through the refractive media are not focused on a single point. Both corneal and noncorneal factors contribute to refractive astigmatism. Corneal astigmatism is mainly the result of an aspheric anterior surface of the cornea, which can be measured readily by means of a keratometer; in a small fraction of cases (approximately 1 in 10) the effect is neutralized by the back surface. The curvature of the back surface of the cornea is not considered in most studies, because it is more difficult to measure; moreover, in the case of severe corneal astigmatism, there is evidence that both surfaces have the same configuration. Noncorneal factors are errors in the curvature of the 2 surfaces of the crystalline lens, irregularity in the refractive index of the lens, and an eccentric lens position. Since the cornea is the dominant component of the eye's refracting system, a highly astigmatic cornea is likely to result in a similarly astigmatic ocular refraction (summary by Clementi et al., 1998).
Nystagmus
MedGen UID:
45166
Concept ID:
C0028738
Disease or Syndrome
Rhythmic, involuntary oscillations of one or both eyes related to abnormality in fixation, conjugate gaze, or vestibular mechanisms.
Strabismus
MedGen UID:
21337
Concept ID:
C0038379
Disease or Syndrome
A misalignment of the eyes so that the visual axes deviate from bifoveal fixation. The classification of strabismus may be based on a number of features including the relative position of the eyes, whether the deviation is latent or manifest, intermittent or constant, concomitant or otherwise and according to the age of onset and the relevance of any associated refractive error.

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Bonaventura E, Barone R, Sturiale L, Pasquariello R, Alessandrì MG, Pinto AM, Renieri A, Panteghini C, Garavaglia B, Cioni G, Battini R
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021 Jul 10;16(1):307. doi: 10.1186/s13023-021-01941-y. PMID: 34246313Free PMC Article
Park JH, Mealer RG, Elias AF, Hoffmann S, Grüneberg M, Biskup S, Fobker M, Haven J, Mangels U, Reunert J, Rust S, Schoof J, Schwanke C, Smoller JW, Cummings RD, Marquardt T
J Inherit Metab Dis 2020 Nov;43(6):1370-1381. Epub 2020 Sep 14 doi: 10.1002/jimd.12306. PMID: 32852845Free PMC Article
Mealer RG, Jenkins BG, Chen CY, Daly MJ, Ge T, Lehoux S, Marquardt T, Palmer CD, Park JH, Parsons PJ, Sackstein R, Williams SE, Cummings RD, Scolnick EM, Smoller JW
Sci Rep 2020 Aug 4;10(1):13162. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-70108-9. PMID: 32753748Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Bonaventura E, Barone R, Sturiale L, Pasquariello R, Alessandrì MG, Pinto AM, Renieri A, Panteghini C, Garavaglia B, Cioni G, Battini R
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021 Jul 10;16(1):307. doi: 10.1186/s13023-021-01941-y. PMID: 34246313Free PMC Article
Park JH, Mealer RG, Elias AF, Hoffmann S, Grüneberg M, Biskup S, Fobker M, Haven J, Mangels U, Reunert J, Rust S, Schoof J, Schwanke C, Smoller JW, Cummings RD, Marquardt T
J Inherit Metab Dis 2020 Nov;43(6):1370-1381. Epub 2020 Sep 14 doi: 10.1002/jimd.12306. PMID: 32852845Free PMC Article
Mealer RG, Jenkins BG, Chen CY, Daly MJ, Ge T, Lehoux S, Marquardt T, Palmer CD, Park JH, Parsons PJ, Sackstein R, Williams SE, Cummings RD, Scolnick EM, Smoller JW
Sci Rep 2020 Aug 4;10(1):13162. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-70108-9. PMID: 32753748Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Bonaventura E, Barone R, Sturiale L, Pasquariello R, Alessandrì MG, Pinto AM, Renieri A, Panteghini C, Garavaglia B, Cioni G, Battini R
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021 Jul 10;16(1):307. doi: 10.1186/s13023-021-01941-y. PMID: 34246313Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Bonaventura E, Barone R, Sturiale L, Pasquariello R, Alessandrì MG, Pinto AM, Renieri A, Panteghini C, Garavaglia B, Cioni G, Battini R
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021 Jul 10;16(1):307. doi: 10.1186/s13023-021-01941-y. PMID: 34246313Free PMC Article

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