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Learning disability

MedGen UID:
199623
•Concept ID:
C0751265
•
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Synonyms: Disabilities, Learning; Disability, Learning; Learning Disabilities; Learning Disability
SNOMED CT: General learning disability (1855002); Learning disability (1855002)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0004681

Definition

A group of disorders that affect a person's ability to learn or process specific types of information which is in contrast to his/her apparent level of intellect. [from MONDO]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Best practice in caring for adults with dementia and learning disabilities.
Strydom A, Al-Janabi T, Houston M, Ridley J
Nurs Stand 2016 Oct 5;31(6):42-51. doi: 10.7748/ns.2016.e10524. PMID: 27823134
Genotype/phenotype correlation in 325 individuals referred for a diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis complex in the United States.
Au KS, Williams AT, Roach ES, Batchelor L, Sparagana SP, Delgado MR, Wheless JW, Baumgartner JE, Roa BB, Wilson CM, Smith-Knuppel TK, Cheung MY, Whittemore VH, King TM, Northrup H
Genet Med 2007 Feb;9(2):88-100. doi: 10.1097/gim.0b013e31803068c7. PMID: 17304050
Genotype-phenotype associations in Sotos syndrome: an analysis of 266 individuals with NSD1 aberrations.
Tatton-Brown K, Douglas J, Coleman K, Baujat G, Cole TR, Das S, Horn D, Hughes HE, Temple IK, Faravelli F, Waggoner D, Turkmen S, Cormier-Daire V, Irrthum A, Rahman N; Childhood Overgrowth Collaboration
Am J Hum Genet 2005 Aug;77(2):193-204. Epub 2005 Jun 7 doi: 10.1086/432082. PMID: 15942875Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Systematic Review: Nonverbal Learning Disability.
Fisher PW, Reyes-Portillo JA, Riddle MA, Litwin HD
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022 Feb;61(2):159-186. Epub 2021 Apr 20 doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2021.04.003. PMID: 33892110
Understanding intellectual disability through RASopathies.
San Martín A, Pagani MR
J Physiol Paris 2014 Sep-Dec;108(4-6):232-9. Epub 2014 May 21 doi: 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2014.05.003. PMID: 24859216Free PMC Article
Learning disabilities, dyslexia, and vision.
Handler SM, Fierson WM, Section on Ophthalmology; Council on Children with Disabilities; American Academy of Ophthalmology; American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus; American Association of Certified Orthoptists
Pediatrics 2011 Mar;127(3):e818-56. Epub 2011 Feb 28 doi: 10.1542/peds.2010-3670. PMID: 21357342
Poor school performance.
Karande S, Kulkarni M
Indian J Pediatr 2005 Nov;72(11):961-7. doi: 10.1007/BF02731673. PMID: 16391452
Ageing and learning disability.
Holland AJ
Br J Psychiatry 2000 Jan;176:26-31. doi: 10.1192/bjp.176.1.26. PMID: 10789322

Diagnosis

Learning disabilities: Developmental dyscalculia.
Castaldi E, Piazza M, Iuculano T
Handb Clin Neurol 2020;174:61-75. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-64148-9.00005-3. PMID: 32977896
A clinical approach to developmental delay and intellectual disability.
Vasudevan P, Suri M
Clin Med (Lond) 2017 Dec;17(6):558-561. doi: 10.7861/clinmedicine.17-6-558. PMID: 29196358Free PMC Article
Nonverbal learning disability.
Volden J
Handb Clin Neurol 2013;111:245-9. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-52891-9.00026-9. PMID: 23622171
Learning disabilities, dyslexia, and vision.
Handler SM, Fierson WM, Section on Ophthalmology; Council on Children with Disabilities; American Academy of Ophthalmology; American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus; American Association of Certified Orthoptists
Pediatrics 2011 Mar;127(3):e818-56. Epub 2011 Feb 28 doi: 10.1542/peds.2010-3670. PMID: 21357342
Learning disability.
Gillberg C, Soderstrom H
Lancet 2003 Sep 6;362(9386):811-21. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14275-4. PMID: 13678878

Therapy

Association of Antipsychotic Drug Exposure in Pregnancy With Risk of Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A National Birth Cohort Study.
Straub L, Hernández-Díaz S, Bateman BT, Wisner KL, Gray KJ, Pennell PB, Lester B, McDougle CJ, Suarez EA, Zhu Y, Zakoul H, Mogun H, Huybrechts KF
JAMA Intern Med 2022 May 1;182(5):522-533. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2022.0375. PMID: 35343998Free PMC Article
Epilepsy surgery.
Rugg-Gunn F, Miserocchi A, McEvoy A
Pract Neurol 2020 Feb;20(1):4-14. Epub 2019 Aug 16 doi: 10.1136/practneurol-2019-002192. PMID: 31420415
Vortioxetine-Related Call-Fleming Syndrome.
Moodliar S, Naguy A, AlKhadhari S
Am J Ther 2019 Oct 20;28(2):e258-e260. doi: 10.1097/MJT.0000000000001082. PMID: 31651448
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Kulkarni M
Indian J Pediatr 2015 Mar;82(3):267-71. Epub 2014 Sep 4 doi: 10.1007/s12098-014-1556-7. PMID: 25186567
Medical complications of prematurity.
Allen MC, Jones MD Jr
Obstet Gynecol 1986 Mar;67(3):427-37. PMID: 2935764

Prognosis

Prediction of autism in infants: progress and challenges.
Dawson G, Rieder AD, Johnson MH
Lancet Neurol 2023 Mar;22(3):244-254. Epub 2022 Nov 22 doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(22)00407-0. PMID: 36427512Free PMC Article
Neurologic complications of Down syndrome: a systematic review.
Santoro JD, Pagarkar D, Chu DT, Rosso M, Paulsen KC, Levitt P, Rafii MS
J Neurol 2021 Dec;268(12):4495-4509. Epub 2020 Sep 12 doi: 10.1007/s00415-020-10179-w. PMID: 32920658
Noonan syndrome.
Turner AM
J Paediatr Child Health 2014 Oct;50(10):E14-20. Epub 2011 Jul 19 doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.2010.01970.x. PMID: 21771153
Genotype-phenotype associations in Sotos syndrome: an analysis of 266 individuals with NSD1 aberrations.
Tatton-Brown K, Douglas J, Coleman K, Baujat G, Cole TR, Das S, Horn D, Hughes HE, Temple IK, Faravelli F, Waggoner D, Turkmen S, Cormier-Daire V, Irrthum A, Rahman N; Childhood Overgrowth Collaboration
Am J Hum Genet 2005 Aug;77(2):193-204. Epub 2005 Jun 7 doi: 10.1086/432082. PMID: 15942875Free PMC Article
Developmental dyscalculia.
Shalev RS, Gross-Tsur V
Pediatr Neurol 2001 May;24(5):337-42. doi: 10.1016/s0887-8994(00)00258-7. PMID: 11516606

Clinical prediction guides

Development and validation of a new algorithm for improved cardiovascular risk prediction.
Hippisley-Cox J, Coupland CAC, Bafadhel M, Russell REK, Sheikh A, Brindle P, Channon KM
Nat Med 2024 May;30(5):1440-1447. Epub 2024 Apr 18 doi: 10.1038/s41591-024-02905-y. PMID: 38637635Free PMC Article
Early detection of autism using digital behavioral phenotyping.
Perochon S, Di Martino JM, Carpenter KLH, Compton S, Davis N, Eichner B, Espinosa S, Franz L, Krishnappa Babu PR, Sapiro G, Dawson G
Nat Med 2023 Oct;29(10):2489-2497. Epub 2023 Oct 2 doi: 10.1038/s41591-023-02574-3. PMID: 37783967Free PMC Article
Clinical developmental, neuropsychological, and social-emotional features of Turner syndrome.
Hutaff-Lee C, Bennett E, Howell S, Tartaglia N
Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet 2019 Mar;181(1):126-134. Epub 2019 Feb 14 doi: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31687. PMID: 30767374Free PMC Article
Nonverbal learning disability.
Volden J
Handb Clin Neurol 2013;111:245-9. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-52891-9.00026-9. PMID: 23622171
Genotype-phenotype associations in Sotos syndrome: an analysis of 266 individuals with NSD1 aberrations.
Tatton-Brown K, Douglas J, Coleman K, Baujat G, Cole TR, Das S, Horn D, Hughes HE, Temple IK, Faravelli F, Waggoner D, Turkmen S, Cormier-Daire V, Irrthum A, Rahman N; Childhood Overgrowth Collaboration
Am J Hum Genet 2005 Aug;77(2):193-204. Epub 2005 Jun 7 doi: 10.1086/432082. PMID: 15942875Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Experiences of people with intellectual disability and dementia: A systematic review.
Jacobs P, Watchman K, Wilkinson H, Hoyle L, McGenily L
J Appl Res Intellect Disabil 2023 Mar;36(2):241-258. Epub 2022 Dec 23 doi: 10.1111/jar.13063. PMID: 36562340Free PMC Article
Artificial intelligence in nursing and midwifery: A systematic review.
O'Connor S, Yan Y, Thilo FJS, Felzmann H, Dowding D, Lee JJ
J Clin Nurs 2023 Jul;32(13-14):2951-2968. Epub 2022 Jul 31 doi: 10.1111/jocn.16478. PMID: 35908207
Systematic Review: Nonverbal Learning Disability.
Fisher PW, Reyes-Portillo JA, Riddle MA, Litwin HD
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022 Feb;61(2):159-186. Epub 2021 Apr 20 doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2021.04.003. PMID: 33892110
Neurologic complications of Down syndrome: a systematic review.
Santoro JD, Pagarkar D, Chu DT, Rosso M, Paulsen KC, Levitt P, Rafii MS
J Neurol 2021 Dec;268(12):4495-4509. Epub 2020 Sep 12 doi: 10.1007/s00415-020-10179-w. PMID: 32920658
Snoezelen for dementia.
Chung JC, Lai CK, Chung PM, French HP
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2002;2002(4):CD003152. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003152. PMID: 12519587Free PMC Article

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    Related information

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      Clinical tests in GTR
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