MedGen

The presence of an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. [from HPO]

Wrinkled, redundant, inelastic and sagging skin. [from HPO]

A noncongenital process of hair loss, which may progress to partial or complete baldness. [from HPO]

A clinically defined disease states with a largely unknown morphological background. Acute mast cell activation (MCA) is commonly seen in allergic reactions and often leads to the clinical signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis. Severe or even life-threatening MCA may occur when the burden of mast cells is high and/or these cells are in an hyperactivated state. Mastocytosis may be associated with mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS). [from MONDO]

Occipitofrontal (head) circumference greater than 97th centile compared to appropriate, age matched, sex-matched normal standards. Alternatively, a apparently increased size of the cranium. [from HPO]

A very rare inherited connective tissue disorder with characteristics of macrocephaly, sparse scalp hair, soft redundant and hyperextensible skin, joint hypermobility, and scoliosis. Patients have progressive facial coarsening with downslanted palpebral fissures, upper eyelid fullness/infraorbital folds, thick/everted vermillion, gingival overgrowth and abnormal position of the teeth. Rare manifestations such as abnormal high-pitched voice, bronchiectasis, hypergonadotropic hypergonadism and brachydactyly have also been reported. Caused by homozygous mutation in the RIN2 gene on chromosome 20p11. [from SNOMEDCT_US]

Diffuse enlargement of the entire cerebral hemispheres leading to macrocephaly (with or without overlying cortical dysplasia). [from HPO]

Pseudo-pelade of Brocq is a rare hair abnormality characterized by onset in adulthood of soft, irregular, flesh-toned patches of alopecia primarily in the parietal and vertex portions of the scalp, without follicular hyperkeratosis or perifollicular inflammation. [from ORDO]

A disease involving the vertebral column. [from MONDO]

A group of signs, symptoms, and clinicopathological characteristics that may or may not have a genetic basis and collectively define an abnormal condition. [from NCI]

A congenital condition, usually due to genetic aberrations, that is characterized by a lack of hair growth on the head and/or body. [from MONDO]

A disorder with homogeneous therapeutic possibilities and an identified pathophysiological mechanism. Developmental anomalies are excluded. [from ORDO]

The magnitude of INBREEDING in humans. [from MeSH]

Loss of elasticity of the upper and lower eyelids causing the skin to sag and bulge. [from HPO]

Hypotrichosis-5 (HYPT5), also known as Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis-2 (MUHH2), is a form of hereditary hypotrichosis characterized by twisting hair. Affected individuals have little or no scalp hair at birth, wiry and irregular scalp hair in childhood, and sparse or no forehead and parietal hair at puberty. Eyebrows and eyelashes are thin, and pubic and axillary hair fails to develop. Scarring alopecia is modest, and vertex hair is normal (summary by Zhang et al., 2012). For a general phenotypic description of Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis, see MUHH1 (146550). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of nonsyndromic hypotrichosis, see 605389. [from OMIM]

An abnormality of the process of ossification of the skull. [from HPO]

Any abnormal increase or reduction in skin elasticity. [from HPO]

Hypotrichosis simplex refers to a group of hereditary isolated alopecias characterized by diffuse and progressive hair loss, usually beginning in early childhood (Pasternack et al., 2008). Localized autosomal recessive hypotrichosis (LAH) is characterized by fragile hairs that break easily, leaving short, sparse scalp hairs. The disorder affects the trunk and extremities as well as the scalp, and the eyebrows and eyelashes may also be involved, whereas beard, pubic, and axillary hairs are largely spared. In addition, patients can develop hyperkeratotic follicular papules, erythema, and pruritus in affected areas (summary by Schaffer et al., 2006). Woolly hair (WH) refers to a group of hair shaft disorders that are characterized by fine and tightly curled hair. Compared to normal curly hair that is observed in some populations, WH grows slowly and stops growing after a few inches. Under light microscopy, WH shows some structural anomalies, including trichorrhexis nodosa and tapered ends (summary by Petukhova et al., 2009). Several families have been reported in which some affected individuals exhibit features of hypotrichosis and others have woolly scalp hair (Khan et al., 2011). Woolly hair is also a feature of several syndromes, such as Naxos disease (601214) and cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome (115150) (Petukhova et al., 2009), or the palmoplantar keratoderma and cardiomyopathy syndrome (601214) (Carvajal-Huerta, 1998). Genetic Heterogeneity of Hypotrichosis and Woolly Hair For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of nonsyndromic hypotrichosis, see HYPT1 (605389). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of localized hypotrichosis, see LAH1 (HYPT6; 607903). Another form of autosomal recessive woolly hair with or without hypotrichosis (ARWH2; 604379) is caused by mutation in the LIPH gene (607365) and is allelic to autosomal recessive localized hypotrichosis (LAH2). ARWH3 (616760) is caused by mutation in the KRT25 gene (616646) on chromosome 17q21. An autosomal dominant form of woolly hair with hypotrichosis (HYPT13; 615896) is caused by mutation in the KRT71 gene (608245) on chromosome 12q13. Another autosomal dominant form of woolly hair (ADWH; 194300) with normal hair density is caused by mutation in the KRT74 gene (608248) on chromosome 12q13, and is allelic to an autosomal dominant form of hypotrichosis simplex of the scalp (HYPT3; 613981) as well as an ectodermal dysplasia of the hair/nail type (ECTD7; 614929). [from OMIM]