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Brain stem infarction

MedGen UID:: 101068
•Concept ID:: C0521542
•: Disease or Syndrome

Synonyms:	Brain Stem Infarct; Brain Stem Infarction; Brain Stem Infarctions; Brain Stem Infarcts; Brainstem Infarction; Brainstem Infarctions; Brainstem Stroke; Infarct, Brain Stem; Infarction, Brain Stem; Infarction, Brainstem; Infarctions, Brain Stem; Infarctions, Brainstem; Infarcts, Brain Stem; Stem Infarct, Brain; Stem Infarcts, Brain; Stroke, Brainstem
SNOMED CT:	Brain stem infarction (95457000); Brain stem infarct (95457000); Brain stem stroke (95457000); Infarction of brain stem (95457000)

Monarch Initiative:	MONDO:0006686

Definition

Infarctions that occur in the brain stem which is comprised of the midbrain; pons; and medulla oblongata. There are several named syndromes characterized by their distinctive clinical manifestations and specific sites of ischemic injury. [from MONDO]

Term Hierarchy

GTR
MeSH

CClinical test, RResearch test, OOMIM, GGeneReviews, VClinVar

CROGVBrain stem infarction

Clinical finding
- Finding by Site or System
  - Cardiovascular finding
    - Ischemic disease
      - Infarct
        Brain infarction
        Brain stem infarction
        Lateral medullary syndrome

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Endovascular management of vertebral artery dissecting aneurysms: review of 25 patients.

Taha MM, Sakaida H, Asakura F, Maeda M, Toma N, Yamamoto A, Kawaguchi K, Matsushima S, Taki W
Turk Neurosurg 2010 Apr;20(2):126-35. doi: 10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.2790-09. PMID: 20401839

Classification and treatment of vertebral dissecting aneurysm.

Sano H, Kato Y, Okuma I, Yamaguchi S, Ninomiya T, Arunkumar R, Kanno T
Surg Neurol 1997 Dec;48(6):598-605. doi: 10.1016/s0090-3019(97)00022-0. PMID: 9400642

Cisternal puncture complications. Treatment of coccidioidal meningitis with amphotericin B.

Keane JR
Calif Med 1973 Sep;119(3):10-5. PMID: 4741057 Free PMC Article

See all (3)

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Improved Detectability of Brain Stem Ischemia by Combining Axial and Coronal Diffusion-Weighted Imaging.

Steffen P, Beyer LS, McDonough R, Thaler C, Faizy T, Fiehler J, Gbadamosi J, Habermann CR, Schönfeld MH
Stroke 2021 May;52(5):1843-1846. Epub 2021 Apr 5 doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.032457. PMID: 33813862

"Invisible" brain stem infarction at the first day.

Tsuyusaki Y, Sakakibara R, Kishi M, Tateno F, Aiba Y, Ogata T, Nagao T, Terada H, Inaoka T
J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2014 Aug;23(7):1903-7. Epub 2014 May 6 doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2014.02.010. PMID: 24809672

Isolated third, fourth, and sixth cranial nerve palsies from presumed microvascular versus other causes: a prospective study.

Tamhankar MA, Biousse V, Ying GS, Prasad S, Subramanian PS, Lee MS, Eggenberger E, Moss HE, Pineles S, Bennett J, Osborne B, Volpe NJ, Liu GT, Bruce BB, Newman NJ, Galetta SL, Balcer LJ
Ophthalmology 2013 Nov;120(11):2264-9. Epub 2013 Jun 6 doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.04.009. PMID: 23747163 Free PMC Article

Adverse events with continuous doxapram infusion against late postoperative hypoxaemia.

Rosenberg J, Kristensen PA, Pedersen MH, Overgaard H
Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1996;50(3):191-4. doi: 10.1007/s002280050091. PMID: 8737758

Drug toxicity and hospitalization among lithium users.

Danielson DA, Jick H, Porter JB, Perera DR, Hunter JR, Werrbach JH
J Clin Psychopharmacol 1984 Apr;4(2):108-10. doi: 10.1097/00004714-198404020-00011. PMID: 6707236

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Diagnosis

Herpetic cranial polyneuritis mimicking brain stem infarction-an atypical presentation of Ramsay Hunt syndrome.

Bharadwaj S, Moffat AC, Wood B, Bharadwaj A
BMJ Case Rep 2016 Jun 1;2016 doi: 10.1136/bcr-2016-215182. PMID: 27251418 Free PMC Article

Isolated third, fourth, and sixth cranial nerve palsies from presumed microvascular versus other causes: a prospective study.

Brain stem infarction due to chiropractic manipulation of the cervical spine.

Braun IF, Pinto RS, De Filipp GJ, Lieberman A, Pasternack P, Zimmerman RD
South Med J 1983 Dec;76(12):1507-10. doi: 10.1097/00007611-198312000-00014. PMID: 6359460

Bow hunter's stroke.

Sorensen BF
Neurosurgery 1978 May-Jun;2(3):259-61. doi: 10.1227/00006123-197805000-00013. PMID: 732978

Electroencephalogram in brain stem infarction.

POTES J, McDOWELL F, WELLS CE
Arch Neurol 1961 Jul;5:21-7. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1961.00450130023004. PMID: 13737459

See all (67)

Therapy

Posterior circulation hyperperfusion syndrome after superficial temporal artery-superior cerebellar artery bypass for vertebral artery dissection.

Fukuda K, Abe H, Ueba T, Okawa M, Higashi T, Inoue T
J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2014 Mar;23(3):583-6. Epub 2013 May 28 doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2013.04.037. PMID: 23721618

Modulation of symptomatic palatal tremor by magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex.

Chen JT, Yu HY, Wu ZA, Kao KP, Hallett M, Liao KK
Clin Neurophysiol 2000 Jul;111(7):1191-7. doi: 10.1016/s1388-2457(00)00301-1. PMID: 10880792

Seastroke: a new entity?

Meyer PK
South Med J 1993 Jul;86(7):777-9. doi: 10.1097/00007611-199307000-00012. PMID: 8322086

Pediatric brain stem infarction caused by a basilar and vertebral artery occlusion: case report.

Ishikawa T, Sasaki H, Makino K, Gotoh S, Takamura H, Takei H
Neurosurgery 1992 Aug;31(2):365-8. doi: 10.1227/00006123-199208000-00026. PMID: 1513445

Insulin-resistant diabetic coma. Acute onset in an unknown diabetic associated with brain-stem infarction and death.

Siegel AJ, Steinke J, Bell WR
Arch Intern Med 1974 Sep;134(3):562-4. doi: 10.1001/archinte.134.3.562. PMID: 4212098

See all (35)

Prognosis

Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment is Frequent After Infra-Tentorial Infarct.

Moliis H, Jokinen H, Parkkonen E, Kaste M, Erkinjuntti T, Melkas S
J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2021 Dec;30(12):106108. Epub 2021 Sep 20 doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.106108. PMID: 34547675

Improved Detectability of Brain Stem Ischemia by Combining Axial and Coronal Diffusion-Weighted Imaging.

Fatal diquat intoxication.

Jović-Stosić J, Babić G, Todorović V
Vojnosanit Pregl 2009 Jun;66(6):477-81. doi: 10.2298/vsp0906477j. PMID: 19583147

Complications following acute ischemic stroke.

Weimar C, Roth MP, Zillessen G, Glahn J, Wimmer ML, Busse O, Haberl RL, Diener HC; German Stroke Date Bank Collaborators
Eur Neurol 2002;48(3):133-40. doi: 10.1159/000065512. PMID: 12373029

Internuclear ophthalmoplegia in tuberculous meningitis.

Teoh R, Humphries MJ, Chan JC, Ng HK, O'Mahony G
Tubercle 1989 Mar;70(1):61-4. doi: 10.1016/0041-3879(89)90067-6. PMID: 2781611

See all (40)

Clinical prediction guides

Clinical and Radiological Characteristics Associated with Respiratory Failure in Unilateral Lateral Medullary Infarction.

Pavšič K, Fabjan A, Zgonc V, Šurlan Popović K, Pretnar Oblak J, Bajrović FF
J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2021 Sep;30(9):105947. Epub 2021 Jun 27 doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.105947. PMID: 34192618

Improved Detectability of Brain Stem Ischemia by Combining Axial and Coronal Diffusion-Weighted Imaging.

Molecular hydrogen in sports medicine: new therapeutic perspectives.

Ostojic SM
Int J Sports Med 2015 Apr;36(4):273-9. Epub 2014 Dec 19 doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1395509. PMID: 25525953

Isolated third, fourth, and sixth cranial nerve palsies from presumed microvascular versus other causes: a prospective study.

Duplicated origin of right vertebral artery with rudimentary and accessory left vertebral arteries.

Takasato Y, Hayashi H, Kobayashi T, Hashimoto Y
Neuroradiology 1992;34(4):287-9. doi: 10.1007/BF00588183. PMID: 1528435

See all (31)