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Choroidal melanoma

MedGen UID:
138064
•Concept ID:
C0346388
•
Neoplastic Process
Synonyms: Choroidal Melanoma; Choroidal Melanomas; Melanoma, Choroidal
SNOMED CT: Malignant melanoma of choroid (255021005)
 
HPO: HP:0012054
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0003878

Definition

Malignant tumor of melanocytes of the choroid. The classic appearance of choroidal melanoma is a pigmented dome-shaped or collar button-shaped tumor with an associated exudative retinal detachment. Choroidal melanoma is usually pigmented, but can be variably pigmented and even amelanotic (non-pigmented). [from HPO]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Management of Uveal Melanoma: Updated Cancer Care Alberta Clinical Practice Guideline.
Weis E, Surgeoner B, Salopek TG, Cheng T, Hyrcza M, Kostaras X, Larocque M, McKinnon G, McWhae J, Menon G, Monzon J, Murtha AD, Walker J, Temple-Oberle C
Curr Oncol 2023 Dec 20;31(1):24-41. doi: 10.3390/curroncol31010002. PMID: 38275828Free PMC Article
X-Ray Vision during Iodine-125 Plaque Radiation Treatment of a Choroidal Melanoma.
Card KR, Pieramici DJ
Ophthalmol Retina 2022 Aug;6(8):692. Epub 2022 Jul 27 doi: 10.1016/j.oret.2022.05.027. PMID: 35933121
Uveal melanoma: From diagnosis to treatment and the science in between.
Chattopadhyay C, Kim DW, Gombos DS, Oba J, Qin Y, Williams MD, Esmaeli B, Grimm EA, Wargo JA, Woodman SE, Patel SP
Cancer 2016 Aug 1;122(15):2299-312. Epub 2016 Mar 15 doi: 10.1002/cncr.29727. PMID: 26991400Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Brachytherapy Plaque Removal in Office.
Oh AJ, McCannel CA, McCannel TA
Am J Ophthalmol 2024 May;261:e3-e4. Epub 2024 Mar 1 doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2024.02.020. PMID: 38431138
Multimodal imaging of suspicious choroidal neoplasms in a primary eye-care clinic.
Kaur G, Anthony SA
Clin Exp Optom 2017 Nov;100(6):549-562. Epub 2017 Mar 28 doi: 10.1111/cxo.12537. PMID: 28370509
Ocular phototherapy.
Singh AD
Eye (Lond) 2013 Feb;27(2):190-8. Epub 2012 Dec 14 doi: 10.1038/eye.2012.258. PMID: 23238445Free PMC Article
Choroidal melanoma.
Sallam A, Hungerford J
Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2007 Dec;68(12):669-73. doi: 10.12968/hmed.2007.68.12.669. PMID: 18186408
Melanoma.
Kalkman E, Baxter G
Clin Radiol 2004 Apr;59(4):313-26. doi: 10.1016/j.crad.2003.09.020. PMID: 15041450

Diagnosis

Small Choroidal Melanoma Associated with Choroidal Neovascularization.
Nemet A, Zloto O, Segev O, Didi Fabian I, Moroz I, Vishnevskia-Dai V
Isr Med Assoc J 2023 Jun;25(6):443-444. PMID: 37381942
Necrotic Eruption of an Inflammatory Melanoma.
Nishath T, McKay KM, Stacey AW
JAMA Ophthalmol 2023 Mar 1;141(3):e226043. Epub 2023 Mar 16 doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2022.6043. PMID: 36928996
Subretinal seeding from choroidal melanoma.
Lemaître S, Negretti G, Thaung C, Damato B
J Fr Ophtalmol 2021 Oct;44(8):1281-1282. Epub 2021 Aug 2 doi: 10.1016/j.jfo.2021.02.007. PMID: 34353667
Amelanotic choroidal melanoma.
Giuliari GP, Connor A, Simpson ER
Lancet 2011 Mar 5;377(9768):848. Epub 2011 Feb 25 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60815-X. PMID: 21354612
Melanoma.
Kalkman E, Baxter G
Clin Radiol 2004 Apr;59(4):313-26. doi: 10.1016/j.crad.2003.09.020. PMID: 15041450

Therapy

Metastatic Choroidal Melanoma Treated with Ipilimimab.
Bogaard J, Czaja R, Wirostko WJ
Ophthalmology 2020 May;127(5):600. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.01.020. PMID: 32327132
Statins in ophthalmology.
Ooi KG, Khoo P, Vaclavik V, Watson SL
Surv Ophthalmol 2019 May-Jun;64(3):401-432. Epub 2019 Jan 28 doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2019.01.013. PMID: 30703407
Photodynamic therapy of choroidal melanoma.
Foster BS, Gragoudas ES, Young LH
Int Ophthalmol Clin 1997 Fall;37(4):117-26. doi: 10.1097/00004397-199703740-00010. PMID: 9480300
Ophthaproblem. Choroidal Melanoma.
Sharma S
Can Fam Physician 1997 Nov;43:1927, 1935. PMID: 9386877Free PMC Article
Choroidal melanoma: I-125 plaque therapy.
Bosworth JL, Packer S, Rotman M, Ho T, Finger PT
Radiology 1988 Oct;169(1):249-51. doi: 10.1148/radiology.169.1.3420267. PMID: 3420267

Prognosis

Uveal melanoma: In the era of new treatments.
Wespiser M, Neidhardt E, Negrier S
Cancer Treat Rev 2023 Sep;119:102599. Epub 2023 Jul 7 doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2023.102599. PMID: 37473516
Metastatic lesion of a choroidal melanoma located in the head of pancreas.
Castro Rodríguez J, Osuna Soto J, Perdices López EV
Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2023 May;115(5):261-263. doi: 10.17235/reed.2022.8843/2022. PMID: 35545916
"De novo" Appearance of a Choroidal Melanoma During 5 Years' Follow-up for CHRPE.
Salmon B, Schalenbourg A
Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2022 Apr;239(4):590-592. Epub 2022 Apr 26 doi: 10.1055/a-1785-5349. PMID: 35472812
Ocular melanoma.
Grin-Jorgensen C, Berke A, Grin M
Dermatol Clin 1992 Oct;10(4):663-8. PMID: 1395150
Choroidal osteoma.
Shields CL, Shields JA, Augsburger JJ
Surv Ophthalmol 1988 Jul-Aug;33(1):17-27. doi: 10.1016/0039-6257(88)90069-0. PMID: 3051466

Clinical prediction guides

Tumor-Associated Retinal Pigmentation in Choroidal Melanoma.
Wallace A, Krishna Y, Coupland SE, Heimann H, Diafas A, Hussain RN
Ophthalmology 2023 Oct;130(10):1046-1052. Epub 2023 May 13 doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2023.05.009. PMID: 37182744
TRIP suppresses cell proliferation and invasion in choroidal melanoma via promoting the proteasomal degradation of Twist1.
Wei C, Zhao X, Wang L, Zhang H
FEBS Lett 2020 Oct;594(19):3170-3181. Epub 2020 Sep 21 doi: 10.1002/1873-3468.13882. PMID: 32640040
Cancers of the eye.
Maheshwari A, Finger PT
Cancer Metastasis Rev 2018 Dec;37(4):677-690. doi: 10.1007/s10555-018-9762-9. PMID: 30203109
Circumscribed choroidal hemangioma.
Mashayekhi A, Shields CL
Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2003 Jun;14(3):142-9. doi: 10.1097/00055735-200306000-00006. PMID: 12777933
Choroidal melanoma. Enucleation or observation? A new approach.
Manschot WA, van Peperzeel HA
Arch Ophthalmol 1980 Jan;98(1):71-7. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1980.01020030073002. PMID: 7352869

Recent systematic reviews

Efficacy and safety of proton radiotherapy in treating choroidal melanoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Miao Y, Zheng T, Zhang Q, Li M, Lei Q, Liu Q, Luo H, Bai H
Radiat Oncol 2025 Jan 11;20(1):7. doi: 10.1186/s13014-024-02580-w. PMID: 39799332Free PMC Article
Choroidal nevi and melanoma doubling times and implications for delays in treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Stålhammar G, Hagström A, Ermedahl Conradi M, Williams PA
Surv Ophthalmol 2025 Jan-Feb;70(1):38-46. Epub 2024 Sep 28 doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.09.004. PMID: 39343315
Vitreoretinal Surgery in the Prevention and Treatment of Toxic Tumour Syndrome in Uveal Melanoma: A Systematic Review.
Romano MR, Catania F, Confalonieri F, Zollet P, Allegrini D, Sergenti J, Lanza FB, Ferrara M, Angi M
Int J Mol Sci 2021 Sep 17;22(18) doi: 10.3390/ijms221810066. PMID: 34576231Free PMC Article
Updated Systematic Review and Clinical Spectrum of Peripheral Exudative Hemorrhagic Chorioretinopathy.
Badawi AH, Semidey VA, Magliyah M, Al-Dhibi H
Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol 2020 Jan-Mar;27(1):4-9. Epub 2020 Apr 29 doi: 10.4103/meajo.MEAJO_85_20. PMID: 32549717Free PMC Article
Estimating the risk of malignant transformation of a choroidal nevus.
Singh AD, Kalyani P, Topham A
Ophthalmology 2005 Oct;112(10):1784-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2005.06.011. PMID: 16154197

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