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Stage II Pharyngeal Cancer

MedGen UID:
237183
•Concept ID:
C1378108
•
Neoplastic Process
Synonyms: Pharyngeal Cancer Stage II; Stage II Carcinoma of Pharynx; Stage II Carcinoma of the Pharynx; Stage II Pharyngeal Carcinoma; Stage II Pharynx Carcinoma

Definition

Stage II carcinoma of the pharynx according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th, 7th, and 8th editions. [from NCI]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Radiation Treatment Deintensification for HPV-Associated Oropharyngeal Cancer.
Dagan R, Galloway TJ
Semin Radiat Oncol 2021 Oct;31(4):324-331. doi: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2021.02.010. PMID: 34455987
Chemotherapy in Combination With Radiotherapy for Definitive-Intent Treatment of Stage II-IVA Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: CSCO and ASCO Guideline.
Chen YP, Ismaila N, Chua MLK, Colevas AD, Haddad R, Huang SH, Wee JTS, Whitley AC, Yi JL, Yom SS, Chan ATC, Hu CS, Lang JY, Le QT, Lee AWM, Lee N, Lin JC, Ma B, Morgan TJ, Shah J, Sun Y, Ma J
J Clin Oncol 2021 Mar 1;39(7):840-859. Epub 2021 Jan 6 doi: 10.1200/JCO.20.03237. PMID: 33405943
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: ESMO-EURACAN Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up(†).
Bossi P, Chan AT, Licitra L, Trama A, Orlandi E, Hui EP, Halámková J, Mattheis S, Baujat B, Hardillo J, Smeele L, van Herpen C, Castro A, Machiels JP; ESMO Guidelines Committee. Electronic address: clinicalguidelines@esmo.org; EURACAN
Ann Oncol 2021 Apr;32(4):452-465. Epub 2020 Dec 25 doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.12.007. PMID: 33358989

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Effect of Radiotherapy Alone vs Radiotherapy With Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy on Survival Without Disease Relapse in Patients With Low-risk Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Tang LL, Guo R, Zhang N, Deng B, Chen L, Cheng ZB, Huang J, Hu WH, Huang SH, Luo WJ, Liang JH, Zheng YM, Zhang F, Mao YP, Li WF, Zhou GQ, Liu X, Chen YP, Xu C, Lin L, Liu Q, Du XJ, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Ma J
JAMA 2022 Aug 23;328(8):728-736. doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.13997. PMID: 35997729Free PMC Article
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: ESMO-EURACAN Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up(†).
Bossi P, Chan AT, Licitra L, Trama A, Orlandi E, Hui EP, Halámková J, Mattheis S, Baujat B, Hardillo J, Smeele L, van Herpen C, Castro A, Machiels JP; ESMO Guidelines Committee. Electronic address: clinicalguidelines@esmo.org; EURACAN
Ann Oncol 2021 Apr;32(4):452-465. Epub 2020 Dec 25 doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.12.007. PMID: 33358989
Tumor Staging and HPV-Related Oropharyngeal Cancer.
Wittekindt C, Klussmann JP
Recent Results Cancer Res 2017;206:123-133. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-43580-0_9. PMID: 27699534
Chemotherapy for Nasopharyngeal Cancer: Neoadjuvant, Concomitant, and/or Adjuvant.
Ng WT, Chang AT, Lee SW, Sze HC, Lee AW
Curr Treat Options Oncol 2015 Sep;16(9):44. doi: 10.1007/s11864-015-0361-5. PMID: 26187796
Locally advanced nasopharyngeal cancer.
Ensley JF, Youssef E, Kim H, Yoo G
Curr Treat Options Oncol 2001 Feb;2(1):15-23. doi: 10.1007/s11864-001-0013-9. PMID: 12057137

Diagnosis

Pembrolizumab plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy versus placebo plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (KEYNOTE-412): a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial.
Machiels JP, Tao Y, Licitra L, Burtness B, Tahara M, Rischin D, Alves G, Lima IPF, Hughes BGM, Pointreau Y, Aksoy S, Laban S, Greil R, Burian M, Hetnał M, Delord JP, Mesía R, Taberna M, Waldron JN, Simon C, Grégoire V, Harrington KJ, Swaby RF, Zhang Y, Gumuscu B, Bidadi B, Siu LL; KEYNOTE-412 Investigators
Lancet Oncol 2024 May;25(5):572-587. Epub 2024 Mar 29 doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(24)00100-1. PMID: 38561010
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: ESMO-EURACAN Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up(†).
Bossi P, Chan AT, Licitra L, Trama A, Orlandi E, Hui EP, Halámková J, Mattheis S, Baujat B, Hardillo J, Smeele L, van Herpen C, Castro A, Machiels JP; ESMO Guidelines Committee. Electronic address: clinicalguidelines@esmo.org; EURACAN
Ann Oncol 2021 Apr;32(4):452-465. Epub 2020 Dec 25 doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.12.007. PMID: 33358989
Analysis of Plasma Epstein-Barr Virus DNA to Screen for Nasopharyngeal Cancer.
Chan KCA, Woo JKS, King A, Zee BCY, Lam WKJ, Chan SL, Chu SWI, Mak C, Tse IOL, Leung SYM, Chan G, Hui EP, Ma BBY, Chiu RWK, Leung SF, van Hasselt AC, Chan ATC, Lo YMD
N Engl J Med 2017 Aug 10;377(6):513-522. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1701717. PMID: 28792880
Multimodality Treatment of Early-Stage Tonsil Cancer.
Roden DF, Schreiber D, Givi B
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017 Jul;157(1):62-68. Epub 2017 Mar 7 doi: 10.1177/0194599817696290. PMID: 28669307
Nasopharyngeal cancer.
Ali H, al-Sarraf M
Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 1999 Aug;13(4):837-47. doi: 10.1016/s0889-8588(05)70096-4. PMID: 10494517

Therapy

Induction Toripalimab and Chemotherapy for Organ Preservation in Locally Advanced Laryngeal and Hypopharyngeal Cancer: A Single-Arm Phase II Clinical Trial.
Ou X, Zhai R, Wei W, Chen J, Ou D, Liao T, Xu T, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Huang S, Shi R, Wu B, Chen T, Li Y, Yang Z, Zhou C, Liu Y, Jiang Z, Zeng M, Liu X, Ji D, Ying H, Zhang Z, Hu C, Lu X, Ji Q, He X, Wang Y
Clin Cancer Res 2024 Jan 17;30(2):344-355. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-23-2398. PMID: 37955629
Effect of Radiotherapy Alone vs Radiotherapy With Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy on Survival Without Disease Relapse in Patients With Low-risk Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Tang LL, Guo R, Zhang N, Deng B, Chen L, Cheng ZB, Huang J, Hu WH, Huang SH, Luo WJ, Liang JH, Zheng YM, Zhang F, Mao YP, Li WF, Zhou GQ, Liu X, Chen YP, Xu C, Lin L, Liu Q, Du XJ, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Ma J
JAMA 2022 Aug 23;328(8):728-736. doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.13997. PMID: 35997729Free PMC Article
Phase II Randomized Trial of Transoral Surgery and Low-Dose Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy in Resectable p16+ Locally Advanced Oropharynx Cancer: An ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group Trial (E3311).
Ferris RL, Flamand Y, Weinstein GS, Li S, Quon H, Mehra R, Garcia JJ, Chung CH, Gillison ML, Duvvuri U, O'Malley BW Jr, Ozer E, Thomas GR, Koch WM, Gross ND, Bell RB, Saba NF, Lango M, Méndez E, Burtness B
J Clin Oncol 2022 Jan 10;40(2):138-149. Epub 2021 Oct 26 doi: 10.1200/JCO.21.01752. PMID: 34699271Free PMC Article
Reduced-Dose Radiation Therapy for HPV-Associated Oropharyngeal Carcinoma (NRG Oncology HN002).
Yom SS, Torres-Saavedra P, Caudell JJ, Waldron JN, Gillison ML, Xia P, Truong MT, Kong C, Jordan R, Subramaniam RM, Yao M, Chung CH, Geiger JL, Chan JW, O'Sullivan B, Blakaj DM, Mell LK, Thorstad WL, Jones CU, Banerjee RN, Lominska C, Le QT
J Clin Oncol 2021 Mar 20;39(9):956-965. Epub 2021 Jan 28 doi: 10.1200/JCO.20.03128. PMID: 33507809Free PMC Article
Chemotherapy in Combination With Radiotherapy for Definitive-Intent Treatment of Stage II-IVA Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: CSCO and ASCO Guideline.
Chen YP, Ismaila N, Chua MLK, Colevas AD, Haddad R, Huang SH, Wee JTS, Whitley AC, Yi JL, Yom SS, Chan ATC, Hu CS, Lang JY, Le QT, Lee AWM, Lee N, Lin JC, Ma B, Morgan TJ, Shah J, Sun Y, Ma J
J Clin Oncol 2021 Mar 1;39(7):840-859. Epub 2021 Jan 6 doi: 10.1200/JCO.20.03237. PMID: 33405943

Prognosis

Reduced-Dose Radiation Therapy for HPV-Associated Oropharyngeal Carcinoma (NRG Oncology HN002).
Yom SS, Torres-Saavedra P, Caudell JJ, Waldron JN, Gillison ML, Xia P, Truong MT, Kong C, Jordan R, Subramaniam RM, Yao M, Chung CH, Geiger JL, Chan JW, O'Sullivan B, Blakaj DM, Mell LK, Thorstad WL, Jones CU, Banerjee RN, Lominska C, Le QT
J Clin Oncol 2021 Mar 20;39(9):956-965. Epub 2021 Jan 28 doi: 10.1200/JCO.20.03128. PMID: 33507809Free PMC Article
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: ESMO-EURACAN Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up(†).
Bossi P, Chan AT, Licitra L, Trama A, Orlandi E, Hui EP, Halámková J, Mattheis S, Baujat B, Hardillo J, Smeele L, van Herpen C, Castro A, Machiels JP; ESMO Guidelines Committee. Electronic address: clinicalguidelines@esmo.org; EURACAN
Ann Oncol 2021 Apr;32(4):452-465. Epub 2020 Dec 25 doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.12.007. PMID: 33358989
Tumor Staging and HPV-Related Oropharyngeal Cancer.
Wittekindt C, Klussmann JP
Recent Results Cancer Res 2017;206:123-133. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-43580-0_9. PMID: 27699534
Chemotherapy for Nasopharyngeal Cancer: Neoadjuvant, Concomitant, and/or Adjuvant.
Ng WT, Chang AT, Lee SW, Sze HC, Lee AW
Curr Treat Options Oncol 2015 Sep;16(9):44. doi: 10.1007/s11864-015-0361-5. PMID: 26187796
Locally advanced nasopharyngeal cancer.
Ensley JF, Youssef E, Kim H, Yoo G
Curr Treat Options Oncol 2001 Feb;2(1):15-23. doi: 10.1007/s11864-001-0013-9. PMID: 12057137

Clinical prediction guides

Effect of Radiotherapy Alone vs Radiotherapy With Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy on Survival Without Disease Relapse in Patients With Low-risk Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Tang LL, Guo R, Zhang N, Deng B, Chen L, Cheng ZB, Huang J, Hu WH, Huang SH, Luo WJ, Liang JH, Zheng YM, Zhang F, Mao YP, Li WF, Zhou GQ, Liu X, Chen YP, Xu C, Lin L, Liu Q, Du XJ, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Ma J
JAMA 2022 Aug 23;328(8):728-736. doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.13997. PMID: 35997729Free PMC Article
Elective upper-neck versus whole-neck irradiation of the uninvolved neck in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: an open-label, non-inferiority, multicentre, randomised phase 3 trial.
Tang LL, Huang CL, Zhang N, Jiang W, Wu YS, Huang SH, Mao YP, Liu Q, Li JB, Liang SQ, Qin GJ, Hu WH, Sun Y, Xie FY, Chen L, Zhou GQ, Ma J
Lancet Oncol 2022 Apr;23(4):479-490. Epub 2022 Feb 28 doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(22)00058-4. PMID: 35240053
Predictors of survival following carotid blowout syndrome.
Silverman DA, Parikh AS, Liu K, Zhan KY, Nimjee SM, Powers CJ, Youssef P, Rocco JW, VanKoevering KK, Kang SY, Old MO, Seim NB
Oral Oncol 2022 Feb;125:105723. Epub 2022 Jan 18 doi: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.105723. PMID: 35063883
Phase II Randomized Trial of Transoral Surgery and Low-Dose Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy in Resectable p16+ Locally Advanced Oropharynx Cancer: An ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group Trial (E3311).
Ferris RL, Flamand Y, Weinstein GS, Li S, Quon H, Mehra R, Garcia JJ, Chung CH, Gillison ML, Duvvuri U, O'Malley BW Jr, Ozer E, Thomas GR, Koch WM, Gross ND, Bell RB, Saba NF, Lango M, Méndez E, Burtness B
J Clin Oncol 2022 Jan 10;40(2):138-149. Epub 2021 Oct 26 doi: 10.1200/JCO.21.01752. PMID: 34699271Free PMC Article
Reduced-Dose Radiation Therapy for HPV-Associated Oropharyngeal Carcinoma (NRG Oncology HN002).
Yom SS, Torres-Saavedra P, Caudell JJ, Waldron JN, Gillison ML, Xia P, Truong MT, Kong C, Jordan R, Subramaniam RM, Yao M, Chung CH, Geiger JL, Chan JW, O'Sullivan B, Blakaj DM, Mell LK, Thorstad WL, Jones CU, Banerjee RN, Lominska C, Le QT
J Clin Oncol 2021 Mar 20;39(9):956-965. Epub 2021 Jan 28 doi: 10.1200/JCO.20.03128. PMID: 33507809Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Characteristics of human papillomavirus infection among oropharyngeal cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Cui M, Cheng J, Cheng H, Zhao M, Zhou D, Zhang M, Jia J, Luo L
Arch Oral Biol 2024 Jan;157:105830. Epub 2023 Oct 31 doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105830. PMID: 37924712
Early-onset juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA): a systematic review.
Newman M, Nguyen TBV, McHugh T, Reddy K, Sommer DD
J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023 Dec 19;52(1):85. doi: 10.1186/s40463-023-00687-w. PMID: 38115030Free PMC Article
Concurrent chemoradiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone for stage II nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the era of intensity-modulated radiotherapy.
Xue Y, Li G, Xie T, Xu H, Xu T, Li Z, Zhu L, Li X, Li Z, Xiong W
Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2023 Jul;280(7):3097-3106. Epub 2023 Apr 20 doi: 10.1007/s00405-023-07943-9. PMID: 37079074
Chemotherapy in Combination With Radiotherapy for Definitive-Intent Treatment of Stage II-IVA Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: CSCO and ASCO Guideline.
Chen YP, Ismaila N, Chua MLK, Colevas AD, Haddad R, Huang SH, Wee JTS, Whitley AC, Yi JL, Yom SS, Chan ATC, Hu CS, Lang JY, Le QT, Lee AWM, Lee N, Lin JC, Ma B, Morgan TJ, Shah J, Sun Y, Ma J
J Clin Oncol 2021 Mar 1;39(7):840-859. Epub 2021 Jan 6 doi: 10.1200/JCO.20.03237. PMID: 33405943
Systematic review of the platysma myocutaneous flap for head and neck reconstruction.
Szudek J, Taylor SM
Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2007 Jul;133(7):655-61. doi: 10.1001/archotol.133.7.655. PMID: 17638777

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